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Correcting the Factor Mirage: A Research Protocol for Causal Factor Investing

Marcos López de Prado, Vincent Zoonekynd·2025

“We prove that specification errors can cause factor strategies to underperform and potentially yield systematic losses, even if all risk premia remain constant and are estimated with the correct sign.”

AssetEquities
StrategyFactor investing
TechniqueLinear factor modelmathematical derivation

Missing from abstract: benchmark, out-of-sample test, costs, multiple testing, universe

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■ equities■ bonds and credit■ multi-asset■ volatility and options■ other assets200020052010152015131620201626This paper2025■ equities■ bonds and credit■ multi-asset■ volatility and options■ other assets2000200520101520151316202026This paper2025
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